SMARTDB: IoT-Based Smart Electrical Distribution Board with Real-Time Energy Monitoring, Cost Analysis and Fault Detection

About the Project

Conventional residential distribution boards (DBs) are primarily designed to distribute electricity and provide electrical protection. However, they lack integrated features for monitoring real-time energy consumption, estimating electricity costs and notifying users of electrical interruptions. To address these limitations, this project introduces SMARTDB, an upgraded distribution board that combines conventional electrical protection with IoT-based monitoring and alert functions. The system integrates a PZEM-004T energy meter, ZMPT101B voltage sensor and ESP32 microcontroller to measure electrical parameters, including voltage, current, power and energy consumption. The collected data are displayed on a digital dashboard and can also be accessed through a web interface, allowing users to monitor electricity usage and estimate their bills based on the applicable Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) tariff. In addition, the system is equipped with electrical interruption detection, audio alerts and automatic Telegram notifications to inform users of power supply interruptions and excessive electricity consumption. These features enable homeowners to monitor their energy usage and stay informed about electrical supply conditions, even when they are away from home. Overall, SMARTDB upgrades a conventional distribution board into an intelligent monitoring system that combines energy monitoring, cost estimation and remote fault alerts in a single unit. It provides a practical approach to improving residential energy management, reducing electricity wastage and increasing awareness of electrical safety.